Waterlogging refers to the saturation of soil with water. Soil may be regarded as waterlogged when the water tableof the groundwateris too high to conveniently permit an anticipated activity, like agriculture. Crops need air to a greater or lesser depth in the soil. Waterlogging of the soil stops air getting in.
The practice of irrigation results in consumptive uses of water through evapotranspiration, leaving behind salts concentrated in a smaller volume of water. In irrigated agricultural land, waterlogging is often accompanied by soil salinity as waterlogged soils prevent leaching of the salts imported by the irrigation water.
Salts are a major water quality factor in choosing disposal options for subsurface drainage in arid irrigated areas. Salinity can restrict the urban or agricultural re-use of drainage water, as it is the most significant long-term water quality concern for managing irrigated agriculture in arid zones. Salinity has not been noted as a serious concern with subsurface drainage waters from humid areas. This is generally due to the higher rainfall, higher dilution capacity in surface waters and lower initial salt content in the soil.
Drainage of irrigated land serves two purposes: to reduce waterlogging and to control and reduce salinization. Subsurface drainage water from arid areas always has a higher salinity than the supply water, a higher proportion of Na and Cl, an increased hardness and a higher sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). The higher salinity and higher levels of specific ions often reflect the characteristics of the soil through which the irrigation water has percolated. This in turn is influenced by the shallow groundwater quality, by the ionic composition of the irrigation water, and by the irrigation efficiency. Salt species are also influenced by a number of interdependent, multi-phase chemical interactions. A full salinity appraisal is an essential component of any subsurface drainage water re-use or disposal scheme.
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Irrigation
Sources of Irrigation
Irrigation History +
Sources of Irrigation +
IMPROVING SOIL MOISTURE +
Ponds +
Tanks +
Diversion Weirs +
Dams and Reservoirs +
Groundwater +
Conjunctive Water Use +
Wastewater +
Poor Quality Water +
Application of Irrigation water
Canal Irrigation +
Flood Irrigation +
Deficit Irrigation +
Supplemental Irrigation +
Sprinkler Irrigation +
Drip Irrigation +
Lift Irrigation +
Centre Pivot Irrigation +
Tidal Irrigation +
Micro-Irrigation Technologies for Small Holders +
Automatic Irrigation Systems +
Pressurized Irrigation +
Irrigation in Viticulture +
Purpose of Irrigation
Instruments and implements of Irrigation
Pumps +
Centrifugal Pumps +
Submersible Pumps +
Turbine and Jet Pumps +
Conveying Pipes +
Sprinklers +
Drippers +
Canal Automation Systems +
Irrigation Management
Economics of Irrigation System +
I&D System Types +
I&D Investment Functions +
I&D Management Issues +
Participatory I&D Management +
Equity in Irrigation +
Irrigation Services +
Irrigation and environment
Pollution and Irrigation +
Irrigation and Climate Resilience +
Environmental Aspects of Irrigation +
Environmental Impacts of Irrigation +
Green Lawn Irrigation +
Safe Use of Waste Water in Irrigation +
Organic Agriculture +
Soil Health +
Soil Health Management +
Quality of Irrigation Water +
Capacity Development
Drainage
Drainage Types and Systems
Agricultural Drainage +
Field Drainage systems +
Canal Irrigation and Drainage +
Surface Drainage Systems +
Subsurface Drainage +
Mole Drainage +
Bio-Drainage +
Regional Bio-Drainage +
Drainage Issues
- Belt of soil water
- Interstice, or Void (in a rock, or soil)
- Well graded soil
- Soil Science
- Soil
- Soil morphology
- Mature soil
- Immature soil
- Skeletal soil
- Endodynamorphic soil
- Ectodynamorphic soil
- Hydromorphic soil
- Truncated soil
- Residual soil
- Transported soil, or Secondary soil
- Glacial tills, or Glacial soil
- Alluvial soil
- Aeolian soil
- Colluvial soil
- Mineral soil
- Organic soil
- Soil profile
- Soil horizon
- Soil horizon symbols
- Subsoil
- Topsoil, or Surface soil
- Plough soil, Plowsole pan, or Induced pressure
- Plansols, or Planosoils
- Soil texture
- Soil separates
- Soil particle
- Soil structure
- Soil classification
- Soil taxonomy
- Soil series
- Soil type
- Azonal soil
- Intrazonal soil
- Great soil group
- Soil family
- Soil phase
- Soil association
- Soil complex
- Prairie soil
- Black turf soil
- Chestnut soil
- Brown (steppe) soil
- Sierozem or Grey desert soil
- Desert soil
- Laterite soil, or Latosol
- Regur or Black cotton soil
- Mallee soil, Solonized brown soil, Mallisol
- Transitional soil
- Soil consistence, or Consistency
- Air capacity of soil
- Air content of soil
- Mobile soil colloids
- Soil solution
- Unsaturated soil solution
- Saturated soil
- Soil reaction
- Soil moisture
- Soil moisture accretion
- Soil moisture deficit
- Unsaturated soil
- Saturated soil paste
- Unavailable soil moisture, or Unavailable water
- Soil moisture tension, or Moisture tension
- Moisture characteristics (of soils)
- pF of soil water
- Soil water zone
- Soil water deficit
- Soil water tension
- Soil temperature
- Daily range of soil temperature
- Productivity (of soil)
- Waterlogging
- Lacustrine, Fen soil, or Lowmoor
- Bog soil
- Half bog soil
- Pool soils
- Dal soil
- Dead soils
- Tundra soil
- Rodoorn soils
- Kleiplaat soils
- Schor soils
- Plaat, or Slik soils
- Pik, Knip, or Knik soils
- Saline soil
- Solodif, Soloti soil, Solod, or Soloth
- Acid soil
- Neutral soil
- Sajong soils, or Shachiang soils
- Calcareous soil
- Non-calcareous soil
- Alluvial meadow soil
- Humic gley soil
- Degree of salinity
- Soil horizon of carbonate accumulation
- Soil amendment
- Soil modification
- Soil sterilization
- Soil conditioner
- Allowable bearing value, or Allowable soil pressure
- Soil classification systems
- Cohesive soil
- Soil-cement lining
- Plastic soil-cement
- Standard soil-cement
- Wetted soil percentage
- Available soil water storage
- Soil hydraulic conductivity
- Soil intake (infiltration) rate
- Soil specific gravity or Dry bulk density
- Soil water stress
- Soil water content
- Soil water tension
- Total available soil water storage
- Total soil water storage
- Soil degradation
- Change in salinity
- Alkaline soil
- Cohesionless soil
- Non-saline alkali soil
- Saline sodic soil
- Saline soil
- Sodic soil
- Subsoil
- Subsoil amelioration
- Unstable soil
- Subsurface drainage, Under drainage, Subsoil drainage, Underground drainage, or Covered drainage
- Drain tile, Field drain pipe, Subsoil pipe, Land pipe
- Soil water head
- Total head, Total hydraulic head or Total soil water potential
- Uniform soil
- Neutron probe, Neutron soil moisture probe (or gauge), Neutron moisture meter, or Neutron scattering probe
- Soil conservation
- Soil management
- Soil creep, or Solifluxion
- Soil erosion
- Surface sealing (of soil)
- Soil K-factor
- Soil loss equation
- Total potential (of soil water)
- Soil water pressure
- Soil Water Characteristics Curve
- Soil water diffusivity
- Supporting soil conservation practices
- Regenerated soil
- Soil binder
- Soil-saving dam
- Soil-saving dike
- Water salinity
- Soil flushing
- Nightsoil
- Renovating soil
- Subsoiling
- Soil improvement
- Soil amendment
- Soil conditioner
- Soil sealant
- Soil injection
- Soil
- Regolith Soil
- Mineral soil
- Muck soil
- Soil structure
- Soil aggregation
- Soil texture
- Soil capping or Soil crusting
- Effective soil depth
- Soil permeability
- Impervious soil
- Soil aeration
- Soil pH
- Soil fertility
- Soil drainage status
- Soil salinization
- Subsoil flow tank
- Salinity wedge
- Salinity control
- Soil survey
- Salinity control benefits
- Soil survey report
- Soil Carbon Pool