Area Covered: 1 Ha.

Water saved: 50 m³ / Agricultural season

A combined machine used for subsurface irrigation pipe installation, plowing, seeding, and five other agricultural purposes simultaneously was developed, assembled, evaluated, and field tested in the workshop. The designed and manufactured combined machine consists of the following units: a plowing unit using a chisel plough, a subsurface irrigation pipe installation unit, a locally manufactured planting and fertilizing unit, a primary irrigation unit, a weed control unit, and a locally manufactured mulching, smoothing, and leveling unit. It was registered as an international patent. In order to test the compound machine in calculating water productivity per unit of water availability and plant productivity, it was proven successful in using the manufactured compound machine in completing eight agricultural operations simultaneously with one entry into the field. The results showed an increase in water productivity as well as the highest plant productivity of 6.12 tons. Ha^-1, which helped in reducing 50 m³ of the amount of water used for irrigation. Among its advantages are ease of manufacture, development and assembly and low cost. Using the compound machine to perform eight operations simultaneously reduces the passage of agricultural machinery in the field by performing all required agricultural operations simultaneously, which will lead to a reduction in the negative impact on the soil. Providing seeds and fertilizers by controlling the amount of planting, seeds and fertilizers while ensuring the uniform distribution of seeds and fertilizers over the cultivated area. Ensuring proper coverage of seeds and fertilizers, thus preventing them from being attacked by birds or flowing with irrigation water and preventing the fertilizers from being evaporated and lost. The possibility of mechanizing the following agricultural operations from servicing the growing crop to harvesting operations. Ease of assembling, connecting and replacing equipment parts with speed in completing work and ease of completing work without requiring much effort. The initial cost is low and does not exceed $3,000. The possibility of changing the spacing between plant rows according to the crop type. The developed machine does not require a gear wheel, but rather relies on placing the tape lowering pipes under the soil surface and then the pulley moves. It is possible to control raising, lowering and determining the depth of plowing, subsurface irrigation pipes, planting and fertilization at the required depth from 10 cm to 30 cm.

Most farmers follow the germination irrigation process after planting, which consumes large quantities of water. Therefore, an agricultural machine was developed to perform eight agricultural operations, including the first germination irrigation and ensuring the germination of the planted seeds. The subsurface drip irrigation pipe carrying and installation system was assembled by fixing the roller bearing axis to the main supporting column with sliding seats to ensure smooth movement of the axis. The main supporting column was then connected to the upper system bearing base using electric arc welding. The upper system bearing base was then connected to the lower base using fixing screws on the chisel plough body. The T-tape bearing spools were inserted into the roller bearing axis in a way that allows them to be easily fixed and removed. The guide pipes were then fixed, one in the hollow of the chisel plough shank and the other at the top of the body. The guide pipe spools were fixed at the bottom of the chisel plough body using electric arc welding for subsurface irrigation pipes. The seed and fertilizer band tubes are assembled and installed by fixing the roller bearing axis on the main bearing column using sliding seats to allow smooth movement of the axis. Then, the main bearing column is connected to the upper system bearing base using electric arc welding. Then, the upper system bearing base is connected to the lower base using fixing screws on the excavator plough body. The seed and fertilizer band rollers are inserted into the roller bearing axis in a way that allows them to be easily fixed and removed. Then, the seed and fertilizer band tubes are fixed on the outer surface of the plough body to ensure smooth passage of the tubes. Then, they are connected to the excavator plough using the attachment points fixed on the excavator plough body. The first irrigation and pesticide delivery pipes were attached to the plow frame and operated behind the plow. A base was created to hold the first irrigation pumps, pesticide, and tanks. The amount of irrigation water was calibrated for each tractor speed by placing containers at each end of each irrigation pipe and measuring them with a graduated beaker. A quantity of 200 liters per dunum was given for each speed. Atrazine was used at a rate of 2.4 kg per 200 liters. The leveling and covering board was chosen because it fits the working width of the drill plough and does not affect the pipes during installation. It smooths the soil after plowing and covers the subsurface irrigation pipes and seed band. Connection points were also created to connect the leveling and covering board to the drill plough. After the design and manufacture of the system components for the combined machine, they were assembled on the excavator chassis. Modifications were made to connect the system components. The combined machine was put into operation for initial soil tillage, subsurface drip irrigation pipes were installed, the seed band was installed, fertilized to a depth of 8 cm, and a first irrigation was applied with weed control during planting. The seed band was then covered, and the soil was levelled and smoothed. The subsurface irrigation system:

Mr. Khaldoon Ibrahim Abbas have participated in numerous international conferences inside and outside Iraq, as well as courses and workshops related to the work of the Iraqi Ministry of Water Resources and Agriculture. He has also published numerous research papers in international and local journals and Arabic newspapers. He has also conducted field visits to farms with the aim of bringing this invention to the largest possible number of people, as the subsurface irrigation system is a modern and widespread system used in many Iraqi governorates for a variety of crops.

His further planning is to disseminate this invention to global agricultural machinery manufacturers, through the Iraqi Ministry of Water Resources and the Iraqi Ministry of agriculture and distribute it to more water resources research stations to expand its effective role in reducing water waste and increasing water productivity per unit area. He will also hold several workshops for farmers at the Raad Research Station of the Iraqi Ministry of Water Resources.

His role in the field of invention was to introduce modern field irrigation mechanization, reduce the number of agricultural machineries passing through the field, solve the problem of water waste during irrigation, increase irrigation efficiency, and increase water productivity per unit area. It also helped maintain the physical and chemical properties of the soil. His role also included proposing the idea of manufacturing combined agricultural machinery and testing it on several fields in Iraq and finding a solution for farmers facing the problem of water waste during irrigation, irregular water distribution in the field, and low plant production. His contribution was effective in solving all of these problems through regular water distribution and reducing water waste to meet the required needs during the plant growth period. After completing the experiments and tests, the experiments and studies were transferred to a farmer for field use and dissemination in later stages.

1- Upper suspension point 2- Side suspension point 3- Plough frame 4- Plough shank 5- T-tape tube rollers 6- Drive roller 7- Mounting system support column 8- Upper guide roller 9- Lower guide roller 10- Fixing screws 11- Upper system base 12- Lower system base 13- Upper guide tube 14- Inner guide tube 15- Plough to wheel attachment point 16- Toothed wheel 17- Wheel frame.